What effect do charged particles have on their surroundings?

Charged particles are known to influence their surroundings in several significant ways, particularly through the forces of attraction and repulsion. When a charged particle is present, it generates an electric field, which interacts with other charges in the vicinity. If two charged particles have opposite charges, they will attract each other; if they have the same charge, they will repel each other. This fundamental principle of electrostatics underlies many phenomena in daily life, such as how static electricity can cause hair to stand up or how magnets work when charged with electric current.

While charged particles can indeed create magnetic fields when in motion, this is a specific condition related to moving charges (current), rather than a general effect on their surroundings. Temperature can be influenced by charged particles in some contexts, such as in plasma physics or when considering energy transfer, but it is not the primary effect of charged particles themselves. Similarly, although changing temperatures can affect air pressure, altering air pressure is not a direct effect of charged particles. Therefore, the most straightforward and evident impact of charged particles is their ability to cause attraction or repulsion in other charged bodies.